食
Radical 184 (U+2FB7)
食 (U+98DF) "eat, food"
Pronunciations
Pinyin:shí
Bopomofo:ㄕˊ
Wade–Giles:shi2
Cantonese Yale:sik6
Jyutping:sik6
Japanese Kana:ショク shoku (on'yomi)
く-う ku-u / た-べる ta-beru (kun'yomi)
Sino-Korean:식 sik
Hán-Việt:thực, tự
Names
Chinese name(s):(Left) 食字旁 shízìpáng
(Bottom) 食字底 shízì
Japanese name(s):食/しょく shoku
(Left) 食偏/しょくへん shokuhen
Hangul:밥 bap
Stroke order animation
Stroke order of the left component form 飠
Stroke order of the simplified left component form 饣

Radical 184 or radical eat (食部) meaning "eat" or "food" is one of the 11 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals in total) composed of 9 strokes.

In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 403 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.

食 is also the 185th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China, with the simplified left component form 饣 and its traditional form 飠 listed as its associated indexing components.

Evolution

Derived characters

StrokesCharacters (食飠)Characters (饣)
+0 食 飠Component 饣SC component (=飠)
+2 飡 (=餐) 飢 飣 飤 (=飼) 饤SC (=飣) 饥SC (=飢)
+3 飥 飦 飧 飨SC (=饗) 饦SC (=飥) 饧SC (=餳)
+4 飩 飪 飫 飬 飭 飮 (=飲) 飯 飰 (=飯) 飱 (=飧) 飲 饨SC (=飩) 饩SC (=餼) 饪SC (=飪) 饫SC (=飫) 饬SC (=飭) 饭SC (=飯) 饮SC (=飲)
+5 飳 飴 飵 飶 飷 飸 (=饕) 飹 飻 飼 飽 飾 飿 饯SC (=餞) 饰SC (=飾) 饱SC (=飽) 饲SC (=飼) 饳SC (=飿) 饴SC (=飴)
+6 飺 餀 餁 (=飪) 餂 餃 餄 餅 餆 餇 餈 (=糍 -> 米) 餉 養 餋 餌 餍SC (=饜) 餎 餏 饵SC (=餌) 饶SC (=饒) 饷SC (=餉) 饸SC (=餄) 饹SC (=餎) 饺SC (=餃) 饻SC (=餏) 饼SC (=餅)
+7 餐 餑 餒 餓 餔 餕 餖 餗 餘 餙 餝 饽SC (=餑) 饾SC (=餖) 饿SC (=餓) 馀SC (=餘) 馁SC (=餒) 馂SC (=餕)
+8 餚 餛 餜 餞 餟 餠 (=餅) 餡 餢 餣 餤 餥 餦 餧 (=餵) 館 餩 馃SC (=餜) 馄SC (=餛) 馅SC (=餡) 馆SC (=館)
+9 餪 餫 餬 (=糊 -> 米) 餭 餮 餯 餰 餱 餲 餳 餴 餵 餷 馇SC (=餷) 馈SC (=饋) 馊SC (=餿) 馋SC (=饞)
+10 餶 餸 餹 (=糖 -> 米) 餺 餻 (=糕 -> 米) 餼 餽 餾 餿 饀 饁 饂 饃 馉SC (=餶) 馌SC (=饁) 馍SC (=饃) 馎SC (=餺) 馏SC (=餾) 馐SC (=饈)
+11 饄 (=糖 -> 米) 饅 饆 饇 饈 饉 馑SC (=饉) 馒SC (=饅)
+12 饊 饋 饌 饍 (=膳 -> 肉) 饎 饏 饐 饑 饒 饓 馓SC (=饊) 馔SC (=饌)
+13 饔 饕 饖 饗 饘 饙
+14 饚 饛 饜
+16 饝 (=饃)
+17 饞 饟 (=餉)
+19 饠 饡
+22 饢 馕SC (=饢)

Variant forms

This radical character has different forms in different languages when used as an individual character and as a component.

Traditionally, when used as an individual character, its third stroke is printed as either a horizontal line (食) or a vertical line (食), but more often written as a slanted dot (食); when used as a left component, it is usually printed as 𩙿 and written as 飠 in regular script.

In China, xin zixing adopted the handwritten form 食 and 飠 and applies it also to printing typefaces. This change is applied chiefly to Traditional Chinese publications in mainland China; the left component form 飠 was already replaced by the simplified form 饣 prior to the printing typeface reform. Taiwan's Standard Form of National Characters and Hong Kong's List of Graphemes of Commonly-Used Chinese Characters use 食 and 飠 (the third stroke is horizontal) as the standard forms, while other alternative forms (e.g. 食/𩙿, 食/飠) are still rather prevalent in publishing.

In modern Japanese, 食 (third stroke is horizontal) and 𩙿 are seen as the traditional/orthodox forms. The shinjitai reform changed the third stroke in 食 as an individual character or as a non-left component to a short horizontal line (食); changed the left component form 𩙿 to 飠. In principle, these changes apply only to jōyō kanji (more specifically, jōyō kanji before 2010 revision; some characters added in 2010 were not simplified); the traditional form is used for hyōgai kanji.

Kangxi Dict.
Korean		 Japanese Trad. Chinese
(TW, HK, MO)		 Trad. Chinese
(Mainland China)		 Simp. Chinese
食 食 食 食 食
飼 飼 飼 飼 饲
饉 饉 饉 饉 馑
饕 饕 饕 饕 饕

Literature

  • Fazzioli, Edoardo (1987). Chinese calligraphy : from pictograph to ideogram : the history of 214 essential Chinese/Japanese characters. calligraphy by Rebecca Hon Ko. New York: Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-89659-774-1.
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