Stamp allusive to the Olympiad

The 22nd Chess Olympiad (Hebrew: אולימפיאדת השחמט ה-22, Olimpiada ha-shachmat ha-22), organized by FIDE, took place between October 26 and November 10, 1976, in Haifa, Israel. For the first time, the event comprised both an open[1] and a women's tournament.

Another first was the change in format. The growing number of teams (74 at the previous Olympiad) had made it impossible to continue with the previous system of round-robin preliminary and final groups, so beginning in Haifa, the open event was played as a Swiss system tournament (the women's event had fewer participants and did not use the Swiss system until 1980).

The first Swiss system Olympiad ended up with significantly fewer teams, however. International politics once again interfered in the world of sports, as many FIDE member nations withdrew in protest against the Olympiad being held in Israel, a country many of them didn't recognize. Among the nations that stayed away from Haifa were all of the Arab countries, some of which took part in the alternative Against Chess Olympiad instead. Other absentees were the entire Eastern Bloc, including most of the usual medal candidates. A number of Eastern European players had recently defected, however, and now represented various Western countries.

In the absence of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Hungary, the US team had the highest average rating and had to be considered favourites, even without Bobby Fischer. In the end, they lived up to expectations and won the gold medals, by half a point. The Netherlands and England took home the silver and bronze, respectively.

Open event

Forty-eight nations played 13 rounds. In the event of a draw, the tie-break was decided first by match points, then by using the Buchholz system.

Open event
#CountryPlayersAverage
rating
PointsMPBuchholz
1 United StatesByrne, Kavalek, Evans, Tarjan, Lombardy, Commons253537
2 NetherlandsTimman, Sosonko, Donner, Ree, Ligterink, Kuijpers249036½
3 EnglandMiles, Keene, Hartston, Stean, Mestel, Nunn246335½
4 ArgentinaNajdorf, Panno, Quinteros, Sanguineti, Szmetan, Bronstein251333
5 West GermanyUnzicker, Pachman, Kestler, Mohrlok, Ostermeyer, Wockenfuss248531
6 IsraelLiberzon, Kraidman, Dzindzichashvili, Lederman, Kagan, Birnboim249029½
7  SwitzerlandHug, Lombard, Wirthensohn, Huss, Hammer, Ott239129
8 CanadaBiyiasas, Day, Yanofsky, Amos, Lipnowski, Piasetski242828½15
9 SpainPomar, Bellón López, Martín González, Medina García, Sanz Alonso, Ochoa239928½12
10 ColombiaCuartas, Castro, Minaya Molano, García, de Greiff, Silva236528
11 NorwayØgaard, Hoen, Helmers, Hjertenes, Knudsen, Tiller233127½16
12 SwedenAndersson, Ornstein, Jansson, Schüssler, Wahlbom, Schneider245327½15376.5
13 ItalyTatai, Toth, Grinza, Micheli, Paoli, Taruffi238527½15361.5
14 WalesBotterill, Williams, Hutchings, Cooper, Jones, Rayner235527½15359.0
15 ParaguayFranco Ocampos, Gamarra Cáceres, Bogda, Ferreira, Pane L., Ingolotti221627½14
16 ChileSilva Sánchez, Donoso Velasco, Frias Pablaza, Scholz Solis, Velasquez Ojeda, Godoy Bugueño235627½13380.5
17 AustraliaJamieson, Fuller, Shaw, Rubanraut, Woodhams, Kellner239027½13367.5
18 AustriaRobatsch, Dückstein, Hölzl, Janetschek, Wittmann, Röhrl240527½13366.0
19 FinlandWesterinen, Rantanen, Raaste, Kanko, Saren, Vahtera237427½13346.5
20 PhilippinesTorre, Balinas, Rodríguez, Mascariñas, Caturla, Estimo24182717
21 New ZealandChandler, Green, Small, Smith, Cornford, Leonhardt22162715
22 IcelandSigurjónsson, Ólafsson H., Thorsteinsson, Sólmundarson, Pétursson, Víglundsson24262713
23 VenezuelaOstos, Palacios, Díaz, Sánchez, Schorr, Cúellar227526½13
24 BelgiumRooze, De Bruycker, Beyen, Van Seters, Mollekens, Schumacher232626½11
25 DenmarkRath, Øst-Hansen, Kølbæk, Rosenlund, Rosell, Mortensen234026½10
26 FranceHaïk, Preissmann, Puhm, Seret, Goldenberg, Letzelter23202614351.0
27 Dominican RepublicMyers, Columna, Carrión, González, Malagón, Pérez22002614300.5
28 UruguayBenítez, Bademian Orchanian, Ricetto, Silva Nazzari, Diano, Dienavorian Lacherian22032613
29 HondurasLozano, Aguilar, Rivera, Padilla, Luque, Becerra2200269
30 ThailandDarakorn, Sinprayoon, Rasmussen, Sa-ngadsup, Trisa-Ard, Vajrabhaya S.220025½12
31 IranSharif, Harandi, Shirazi, Mamouri, Safarzadeh, Saloor230325½11367.5
32 Costa RicaVaglio Muñoz, Gutiérrez Mangel, Jiménez Molina, Salas Leal, Chaves, Sobrado220025½11324.0
33 ScotlandPritchett, Levy, Jamieson, Findlay, Swanson, Bonner232125½10
34 GuernseyBrowning, Blow, Whetton, Lainé, Denning, Taylor22002514
35 IrelandKernan, Ludgate, Doyle, Keogh, Kennefick, Delaney22142512
36 LuxembourgStull, Feller, Schammo, Schneider, Philippe, Milbers225024½13
37 GuatemalaPérez, Batres, Deras Díaz, Cote, Garrido, Larios220024½12321.0
38 JapanHamada, Kuroda, Sakurai, Tatsutomi, Kanai A., Ozaki220024½12296.0
39 Hong KongKan Wai Shui, Lo Y. Cheong, Sin Kuen, Ko Chi, Lam, Pang C. K.224524½12291.5
40 BoliviaRamírez, Calle, Suarez S., García M., Rivas, Mendes J.220024½11
41 BermudaYerbury, Radford, Reichgeld, McDaniels, Marks, Jensen220024
42 AndorraGómez Abad, De la Casa, Martínez, Guijarro, Tarradellas220023
43 MonacoAngles d'Auriac, Martelli R., Cary A., Negro, Kostjoerin, Lepine220022
44 Faroe IslandsPetersen, Mikkelsen, Midjord, Ellefsen H., Petersen K., Thomassen J.220121½
45 Papua New GuineaRush, Markov, Earle M., Nacino T., Bluett N., Bell G.220018
46 United States Virgin IslandsAbraham, Hoyt, Rumsch, Grumer, Hanno, Levenson G.220015½
47 British Virgin IslandsHook, Georges, Pickering, Campbell, Linhart G., Corbin220313½
48 Netherlands AntillesMartina, Croes, Booi O., Brunk C., Tjinkamjet A.22007½

Team standing

The following ratings were used to determine the placement (#).

#TeamCodeBPTPRtg+=-12345678910111213
1 United StatesUSA3721383.5931IRI
3
CHI
2½
SCO
3½
ITA
2
AUS
4
NED
1½
ENG
2
ARG
2½
GER
2
ISR
3½
SUI
4
COL
3
WLS
3½
2 NetherlandsNED36½23383.51030LUX
3½
SCO
2½
SUI
2½
ARG
2
NOR
4
USA
2½
ISR
3
ENG
2
CHI
3½
SWE
3½
GER
2
CAN
2½
FIN
3
3 EnglandENG35½22385.5940NZL
2½
FRA
4
ARG
2½
GER
2
ITA
3
PHI
3½
USA
2
NED
2
ISR
2
CAN
3
SWE
3
CHI
3½
AUT
2½
4 ArgentinaARG3320389.5922VEN
4
ESP
2½
ENG
1½
NED
2
SUI
3
GER
2½
PHI
3
USA
1½
IRI
3
AUT
3
ISR
2½
SWE
2½
CAN
2
5 West GermanyGER3115389.0634IRL
3½
FIN
3
AUT
3½
ENG
2
PHI
1
ARG
1½
ESP
3
ISR
1½
USA
2
IRI
4
NED
2
SUI
1½
AUS
2½
6 IsraelISR29½17392.5814URU
3½
AUS
2½
SWE
2½
SUI
1½
DEN
3½
ESP
3
NED
1
GER
2½
ENG
2
USA
½
ARG
1½
PHI
3
PAR
2½
7  SwitzerlandSUI2917365.0814AHO
4
CAN
2½
NED
1½
ISR
2½
ARG
1
CHI
½
DEN
2½
THA
3½
ESP
2
COL
3
USA
0
GER
2½
FRA
3½
8 CanadaCAN28½15372.5634MNC
4
SUI
1½
NOR
1
IRI
2½
SCO
2
WLS
3
ITA
2
ESP
2½
AUS
2½
ENG
1
ISL
3
NED
1½
ARG
2
9 SpainESP28½12355.0526ISV
4
ARG
1½
BEL
2½
SWE
2
VEN
4
ISR
1
GER
1
CAN
1½
SUI
2
CHI
1½
NOR
2½
AUS
1½
SCO
3½
10 ColombiaCOL2814352.5625PNG
3½
SWE
1½
ISL
2½
VEN
1½
FIN
1½
PAR
2
FRA
3
SCO
2½
NOR
2
SUI
1
AUT
3
USA
1
HON
3
11 NorwayNOR27½16362.5643THA
2½
HON
3½
CAN
3
PHI
1½
NED
0
FIN
2½
PAR
2½
AUT
2
COL
2
ISL
2
ESP
1½
DEN
2
VEN
2½
12 SwedenSWE27½15376.5715DOM
3½
COL
2½
ISR
1½
ESP
2
AUT
2½
SCO
2½
CHI
2½
IRI
1
PHI
4
NED
½
ENG
1
ARG
1½
DEN
2½
13 ItalyITA27½15361.5553AND
4
ISL
3
PHI
2
USA
2
ENG
1
IRI
2
CAN
2
CHI
½
IRL
2½
AUS
1½
FRA
2½
SCO
2
BEL
2½
14 WalesWLS27½15359.0634HON
2
NZL
2
LUX
1½
PAR
2
URU
4
CAN
1
VEN
2½
AUS
1
BEL
3
FIN
2½
CHI
2½
ISL
3
USA
½
15 ParaguayPAR27½14345.0625FRA
1
CRC
2½
NZL
2½
WLS
2
LUX
2½
COL
2
NOR
1½
BEL
2½
URU
2½
PHI
1½
SCO
1½
BOL
4
ISR
1½
16 ChileCHI27½13380.5616CRC
3
USA
1½
AUS
2
URU
3
ISL
1½
SUI
3½
SWE
1½
ITA
3½
NED
½
ESP
2½
WLS
1½
ENG
½
IRI
3
17 AustraliaAUS27½13367.5616JPN
4
ISR
1½
CHI
2
BEL
4
USA
0
ISL
2½
IRI
1
WLS
3
CAN
1½
ITA
2½
PHI
1½
ESP
2½
GER
1½
18 AustriaAUT27½13366.0616GCI
4
BEL
2½
GER
½
FIN
2½
SWE
1½
DEN
3
ISL
1½
NOR
2
SCO
2½
ARG
1
COL
1
CRC
4
ENG
1½
19 FinlandFIN27½13346.5616IVB
3½
GER
1
DEN
2½
AUT
1½
COL
2½
NOR
1½
SCO
2
BOL
2½
ISL
1½
WLS
1½
LUX
3
NZL
3½
NED
1
20 PhilippinesPHI2717367.5814FAI
4
DEN
3
ITA
2
NOR
2½
GER
3
ENG
½
ARG
1
ISL
2½
SWE
0
PAR
2½
AUS
2½
ISR
1
URU
2½
21 New ZealandNZL2715346.5715ENG
1½
WLS
2
PAR
1½
CRC
3
BEL
1
DOM
2½
LUX
1½
JPN
2½
DEN
2½
IRL
2½
THA
3
FIN
½
GUA
3
22 IcelandISL2713350.0616HKG
4
ITA
1
COL
1½
LUX
3
CHI
2½
AUS
1½
AUT
2½
PHI
1½
FIN
2½
NOR
2
CAN
1
WLS
1
IRL
3
23 VenezuelaVEN26½13336.5616ARG
0
PNG
3½
MNC
4
COL
2½
ESP
0
BEL
2
WLS
1½
URU
½
THA
1
JPN
3
GCI
3½
LUX
3½
NOR
1½
24 BelgiumBEL26½11341.5436GUA
4
AUT
1½
ESP
1½
AUS
0
NZL
3
VEN
2
IRL
2
PAR
1½
WLS
1
FAI
4
CRC
2½
IRI
2
ITA
1½
25 DenmarkDEN26½10349.0427BER
4
PHI
1
FIN
1½
IRL
4
ISR
½
AUT
1
SUI
1½
FRA
2
NZL
1½
DOM
3½
IRI
2½
NOR
2
SWE
1½
26 FranceFRA2614351.0625PAR
3
ENG
0
URU
0
BOL
4
GCI
2½
GUA
3
COL
1
DEN
2
DOM
2½
SCO
2
ITA
1½
THA
4
SUI
½
27 Dominican RepublicDOM2614300.5625SWE
½
LUX
½
BOL
2
AHO
4
CRC
2
NZL
1½
GUA
2½
HON
2½
FRA
1½
DEN
½
IVB
3
AND
2½
HKG
3
28 UruguayURU2613341.0616ISR
½
JPN
2
FRA
4
CHI
1
WLS
0
HON
2½
BER
3
VEN
3½
PAR
1½
THA
1½
IRL
2½
GUA
2½
PHI
1½
29 HondurasHON269304.0337WLS
2
NOR
½
HKG
2
THA
1½
GUA
1½
URU
1½
ISV
4
DOM
1½
CRC
½
AHO
4
BOL
2
FAI
4
COL
1
30 ThailandTHA25½12319.5607NOR
1½
IRI
½
BER
3
HON
2½
IRL
1½
LUX
1½
GCI
4
SUI
½
VEN
3
URU
2½
NZL
1
FRA
0
AHO
4
31 IranIRI25½11367.5436USA
1
THA
3½
IRL
2
CAN
1½
JPN
4
ITA
2
AUS
3
SWE
3
ARG
1
GER
0
DEN
1½
BEL
2
CHI
1
32 Costa RicaCRC25½11324.0517CHI
1
PAR
1½
ISV
3½
NZL
1
DOM
2
IRL
1
HKG
3
GUA
1½
HON
3½
BOL
2½
BEL
1½
AUT
0
MNC
3½
33 ScotlandSCO25½10371.5346BOL
4
NED
1½
USA
½
GCI
4
CAN
2
SWE
1½
FIN
2
COL
1½
AUT
1½
FRA
2
PAR
2½
ITA
2
ESP
½
34 GuernseyGCI2514298.5706AUT
0
GUA
3
FAI
3½
SCO
0
FRA
1½
JPN
2½
THA
0
PNG
3½
HKG
2½
BER
1½
VEN
½
AHO
3½
AND
3
35 IrelandIRL2512328.0526GER
½
IVB
4
IRI
2
DEN
0
THA
2½
CRC
3
BEL
2
LUX
2½
ITA
1½
NZL
1½
URU
1½
MNC
3
ISL
1
36 LuxembourgLUX24½13340.5616NED
½
DOM
3½
WLS
2½
ISL
1
PAR
1½
THA
2½
NZL
2½
IRL
1½
BOL
2
GUA
2½
FIN
1
VEN
½
ISV
3
37 GuatemalaGUA24½12321.0607BEL
0
GCI
1
PNG
3
MNC
3
HON
2½
FRA
1
DOM
1½
CRC
2½
JPN
3
LUX
1½
BER
3
URU
1½
NZL
1
38 JapanJPN24½12296.0526AUS
0
URU
2
AND
3
HKG
3½
IRI
0
GCI
1½
FAI
3
NZL
1½
GUA
1
VEN
1
AHO
3½
IVB
2½
BER
2
39 Hong KongHKG24½12291.5445ISL
0
AND
2
HON
2
JPN
½
PNG
3
BER
2
CRC
1
FAI
3
GCI
1½
IVB
3½
MNC
2
ISV
3
DOM
1
40 BoliviaBOL24½11286.0436SCO
0
ISV
1½
DOM
2
FRA
0
AHO
3½
AND
4
PNG
3½
FIN
1½
LUX
2
CRC
1½
HON
2
PAR
0
IVB
3
41 BermudaBER2414290.0544DEN
0
FAI
2
THA
1
ISV
2½
AND
2½
HKG
2
URU
1
MNC
2
IVB
3
GCI
2½
GUA
1
PNG
2½
JPN
2
42 AndorraAND2311274.0436ITA
0
HKG
2
JPN
1
FAI
2
BER
1½
BOL
0
AHO
3½
IVB
3
MNC
2
ISV
3
PNG
2½
DOM
1½
GCI
1
43 MonacoMNC2211277.5436CAN
0
AHO
3½
VEN
0
GUA
1
ISV
2½
FAI
1
IVB
3
BER
2
AND
2
PNG
3½
HKG
2
IRL
1
CRC
½
44 Faroe IslandsFAI21½12277.0526PHI
0
BER
2
GCI
½
AND
2
IVB
2½
MNC
3
JPN
1
HKG
1
AHO
3½
BEL
0
ISV
3½
HON
0
PNG
2½
45 Papua New GuineaPNG186280.03010COL
½
VEN
½
GUA
1
IVB
3
HKG
1
AHO
3
BOL
½
GCI
½
ISV
3
MNC
½
AND
1½
BER
1½
FAI
1½
46 United States Virgin IslandsISV15½6283.03010ESP
0
BOL
2½
CRC
½
BER
1½
MNC
1½
IVB
2½
HON
0
AHO
2½
PNG
1
AND
1
FAI
½
HKG
1
LUX
1
47 British Virgin IslandsIVB13½1283.50112FIN
½
IRL
0
AHO
2
PNG
1
FAI
1½
ISV
1½
MNC
1
AND
1
BER
1
HKG
½
DOM
1
JPN
1½
BOL
1
48 Netherlands AntillesAHO7½1294.00112SUI
0
MNC
½
IVB
2
DOM
0
BOL
½
PNG
1
AND
½
ISV
1½
FAI
½
HON
0
JPN
½
GCI
½
THA
0

Individual medals

Women's event

Twenty-three nations took part in the women's Olympiad. From four preliminary groups the teams were split into three finals. Israel, led by former World Championship challenger Kushnir, won the gold, ahead of England and Spain.

Preliminaries

  • Group 1:
Final Country 1 2 3 4 5 + − = Points
«A»  Israel - 1½ 2½ 2 3 3 0 1 9
«A»  Australia 1½ - ½ 2 1½ 1 1 2 5½
«B»  Argentina ½ 2½ - 1½ 1 1 2 1 5½
«B»  Colombia 1 1 1½ - 2 1 2 1 5½
«C»  Austria 0 1½ 2 1 - 1 2 1 4½
  • Group 2:
Final Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 + − = Points
«A»  Netherlands - 2½ 2½ 1½ 3 3 4 0 1 12½
«A»  Denmark ½ - 1½ 1½ 3 3 2 1 2 9½
«B»  Finland ½ 1½ - 2 2½ 2 3 1 1 8½
«B»  Canada 1½ 1½ 1 - 1½ 2 1 1 3 7½
«C»  Wales 0 0 ½ 1½ - 2½ 1 3 1 4½
«C»  Japan 0 0 1 1 ½ - 0 5 0 2½
  • Group 3:
Final Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 + − = Points
«A»  England - 2½ 2 2½ 2½ 3 5 0 0 12½
«A»  Spain ½ - 2 2½ 2½ 3 4 1 0 10½
«B»  France 1 1 - 1 2 3 2 3 0 8
«B»  Italy ½ ½ 2 - 2½ 1½ 2 2 1 7
«C»  Sweden ½ ½ 1 ½ - 3 1 4 0 5½
«C»  New Zealand 0 0 0 1½ 0 - 0 4 1 1½
  • Group 4:
Final Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 + − = Points
«A»  United States - 1½ 3 2 2 3 4 0 1 11½
«A»  West Germany 1½ - 2 2½ ½ 3 3 1 1 9½
«B»  Philippines 0 1 - 1½ 3 3 2 2 1 8½
«B»  Ireland 1 ½ 1½ - 1½ 3 1 2 2 7½
«C»   Switzerland 1 2½ 0 1½ - 2 2 2 1 7
«C»  Scotland 0 0 0 0 1 - 0 5 0 1

Finals

Final A
#CountryPlayersAverage
rating
PointsMP
1 IsraelKushnir, Kristol, Podrazhanskaya, Nudelman218217
2 EnglandHartston, Jackson, Pritchard, Caldwell211511½8
3 SpainFerrer, García, Pino García Padrón, Canela189011½7
4 United StatesSavereide, Crotto, Herstein, Orton211210½
5 Netherlandsvan der Mije, Vreeken, Belle, van der Giessen21829½
6 West GermanyLaakmann, Weichert, Prill-Gassemann, Wasnetsky20709
7 AustraliaMcGrath, Kellner, Pope, Depasquale19588½
8 DenmarkHøiberg, Haahr, Larsen19176½
Final B
#CountryPlayersAverage
rating
PointsMP
9 CanadaVujosevic, Shterenberg, Day, Williams M.190713½
10 ItalyGramignani, Pernici, Merciai, Romano D.180012
11 ArgentinaArias, Soppe, Cazón, Tadei180011½
12 IrelandHealy, O'Siochrú, Noonan, Shouldice189710½
13 FinlandVuorenpää, Pihlajamäki, Ristoja, Laitinen185210
14 FranceMerlini, Tagnon, Ruck-Petit, Warkentin18809½6
15 ColombiaLeyva, Herrera L., Zapata, Patiño18009½5
16 PhilippinesCartel H. P., Emperado, Lizares A., Alvárez C.18007
Final C
#CountryPlayersAverage
rating
PointsMP
17  SwitzerlandNäpfer, Veprek, Wettstein, Ludwig18751210
18 AustriaHausner, Hennings, Kattinger, Samt1940129
19 SwedenDahlin, Svensson, Svantesson, Bohmgren201211½
20 JapanNakagawa, Watai, Maeda, Terada M.183011
21 ScotlandElder, Hindle, Leask, Houstoun18107½
22 WalesGarwell, Brunker, Davies, Jarman18006½
23 New ZealandTerry L., Stretch, Hollis A.18002½

Final «A»

No. Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 + − = Points
1  Israel - 2½ 2 2½ 3 2 2 3 7 0 0 17
2  England ½ - 2 1½ 2½ 2½ 1 1½ 3 2 2 11½
3  Spain 1 1 - ½ 1½ 2 2½ 3 3 3 1 11½
4  United States ½ 1½ 2½ - 0 1½ 2 2½ 3 2 2 10½
5  Netherlands 0 ½ 1½ 3 - 1½ 1½ 1½ 1 2 4 9½
6  West Germany 1 ½ 1 1½ 1½ - 1½ 2 1 3 3 9
7  Australia 1 2 ½ 1 1½ 1½ - 1 1 4 2 4½
8  Denmark 0 1½ 0 ½ 1½ 1 2 - 1 4 2 6½

Final «B»

No. Country 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 + − = Points
9  Canada - 2 2½ 1 1 2½ 2 2½ 5 2 0 13½
10  Italy 1 - 2½ 2 1½ 1 2 2 4 2 1 12
11  Argentina ½ ½ - 2½ 2 1½ 1½ 3 3 2 2 11½
12  Ireland 2 1 ½ - 2½ 1 1 2½ 3 4 0 10½
13  Finland 2 1½ 1 ½ - 2 2 1 3 3 1 10
14  France ½ 2 1½ 2 1 - 1 1½ 2 3 2 9½
15  Colombia 1 1 1½ 2 1 2 - 1 2 4 1 9½
16  Philippines ½ 1 0 ½ 2 1½ 2 - 2 4 1 7½

Final «C»

No. Country 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 + − = Points
17   Switzerland - 1 2 2 2 2½ 2½ 5 1 0 12
18  Austria 2 - 1½ 1½ 2½ 3 1½ 3 0 3 12
19  Sweden 1 1½ - 1 2½ 2½ 3 3 2 1 11½
20  Japan 1 1½ 2 - 1½ 2 3 3 1 2 11
21  Scotland 1 ½ ½ 1½ - 1½ 2½ 1 3 2 7½
22  Wales ½ 0 ½ 1 1½ - 3 1 4 1 6½
23  New Zealand ½ 1½ 0 0 ½ 0 - 0 5 1 2½

Individual medals

References

  1. ↑ Although commonly referred to as the men's division, this section is open to both male and female players.
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